Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), a specialized fertility treatment, has become increasingly popular in Nigeria. This procedure involves the direct injection of a single sperm into an egg, facilitating fertilization. ICSI offers hope to individuals facing infertility challenges such as male factor infertility, low sperm count, or prior fail

The utilization of karyotyping in genetic assessment in Nigeria is gaining momentum. This cytogenetic technique involves the examination of chromosomes to detect abnormalities such as deletions, duplications, or translocations that can contribute to various genetic disorders. While karyotyping has been utilized in developed countries for decades, a